{ "title": "Three objects, three research problems — Research & questions", "text": "MODAVIS (2026). Three objects, three research problems — Research & questions. Research notebooks, September 2026 · Cuntz worked examples edition. https://modavis.org/editions/2026-09-r5/research/case-studies/", "bibtex": "@misc{modavis_research_case_studies_2026_09_r5,\n author = {{MODAVIS}},\n title = {Three objects, three research problems — Research & questions},\n year = {2026},\n month = {09},\n version = {2026-09-r5},\n url = {https://modavis.org/editions/2026-09-r5/research/case-studies/},\n note = {Content SHA-256: bc22c61ca27b4a25fefc3ba3d2818175a3b249f104282a2e98205c190871f90e}\n}", "url": "https://modavis.org/editions/2026-09-r5/research/case-studies/", "sha256": "bc22c61ca27b4a25fefc3ba3d2818175a3b249f104282a2e98205c190871f90e", "edition": "2026-09-r5", "date": "2026-09-26", "canonicalPayload": "{\"book\":{\"number\":\"02\",\"slug\":\"research\",\"title\":\"Research & questions\"},\"chapter\":{\"blocks\":[{\"id\":\"cuntz-organ\",\"text\":\"Cuntz: connect an audio configuration to a historical instrument\",\"type\":\"heading\"},{\"text\":\"The Cuntz positive organ, attributed to Nicolaus Cuntz, Nuremberg, 1610, is held in the Leipzig musical-instrument collection as inventory 243. The thesis combines recording, parameterized geometry and modeled interaction around this object. The signal analysis describes 225 single-tone recordings arranged as five register labels across 45 keys, recorded with a Neumann KM 184 pair and an RME Babyface Pro at 192 kHz and 24 bit.\",\"type\":\"p\"},{\"text\":\"The physical description in Appendix E.7.1 instead lists four registers and 180 pipes. Section 8.2.2.1 explicitly notes the missing source-and-recording mapping needed to explain the fifth label, Regal 8′. The digital configuration therefore cannot be read as a register-faithful measurement inventory of the historical instrument. The differing counts alone demonstrate neither a rebuild nor an additional original register.\",\"type\":\"p\"},{\"headers\":[\"Reported quantity\",\"Interpretation\",\"Limit\"],\"rows\":[[\"Median pitch offset +88.01 cents relative to A4 = 440 Hz\",\"An equivalent reference of about 462.95 Hz, calculated as 440 × 2^(88.01/1200).\",\"An aggregate offset can include temperament; session temperature is unavailable. It is not a temperature-corrected confirmation of the historical 462 Hz at 15 °C.\"],[\"450 channel analyses\",\"Two analyzed channels for each of the 225 recordings.\",\"These are not 450 independently recorded pipes.\"],[\"Median absolute channel differences: 0.174 normalized spectral centroid; 2.985 dB/octave harmonic slope\",\"Differences between the parallel recording channels.\",\"These are not source-versus-resynthesis error measurements.\"],[\"Multivariate distance D ≥ 3.5\",\"A flag for expert review in the documented analysis configuration.\",\"The flag depends on features, scaling and reference group; it does not diagnose a damaged pipe.\"]],\"type\":\"table\"},{\"text\":\"The interactive case adds browser and Quest 3 access, including a life-size mixed-reality presentation and hand interaction. The reported display rate and latency statements do not substitute for a complete end-to-end timing protocol. This notebook consequently treats the experience as an implemented research encounter without assigning it a verified latency benchmark or a completed usability-study result.\",\"type\":\"p\"},{\"boundary\":\"The example reproduces a release observation; it does not independently remeasure the pipe or supply a calibration uncertainty that the record does not provide.\",\"concept\":\"An observation connects a property and a result to the thing observed. A unit gives the number a physical interpretation; a source selector identifies its evidential location.\",\"expanded\":false,\"id\":\"cuntz-measurement\",\"scenario\":\"The published Cuntz manifest contains an observation for rank:ged:pipe:key-036 with property code GesL, value 1281, unit MilliM, and source-cell flag Holzgedackt 8!D9.\",\"sources\":[{\"detail\":\"Published manifest: identities, measurement observations, realization digests, profiles and rights. Exact examples checked against this release.\",\"href\":\"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22151203\",\"label\":\"Cuntz Positiv · VAO 0.5.0-rc.2\"},{\"detail\":\"The standard contract is separate from the Cuntz dataset content version 0.5.0-rc.2.\",\"href\":\"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22214248\",\"label\":\"VAO Standard 0.5.0\"}],\"steps\":[{\"text\":\"The number belongs to the specified pipe entity and the workbook’s GesL property. It is not a dimension of the complete organ or an arbitrary distance on the screen.\",\"title\":\"Identify the subject and property\"},{\"text\":\"The stored value is 1281 millimetres. Converting it gives 1.281 metres; keep that conversion separate from the original source value and unit.\",\"title\":\"Retain value and unit together\"},{\"text\":\"The observation links to the exact workbook realization, the measurement activity and the cell selector. A later reader can check the entry and consult the workbook’s definition of GesL.\",\"title\":\"Locate the source\"}],\"takeaway\":\"A reusable measurement needs a subject, property, value, unit and evidence location.\",\"title\":\"What exactly does “1281” tell us?\",\"type\":\"example\"},{\"id\":\"ariston-discs\",\"text\":\"Ariston: read a control surface and model its mechanism\",\"type\":\"heading\"},{\"text\":\"The Ariston case relates a rotating punched disc, a crank-driven wind system and 24 free reeds. The thesis describes scans of 22 original discs within a corpus of 40 disc models. Polar correction and track recognition turn the physical layout of holes into a timed control sequence. Rotational speed is part of that interpretation: the image alone does not determine a unique musical tempo.\",\"type\":\"p\"},{\"text\":\"For 5,000 manually adjudicated holes, the thesis reports 4,840 true positives, 78 false positives and 160 false negatives. These yield precision about 0.984, recall 0.968 and F1 about 0.976. They evaluate hole recognition, not the fidelity of the complete virtual musical performance. The thesis does not provide the item-level annotation and run manifest accompanying those totals, which limits independent reproduction and uncertainty analysis.\",\"type\":\"p\"},{\"text\":\"The 24 reeds were recorded at 192 kHz and 24 bit using the original crank and wind system. Separate recordings of the idle mechanism support a useful synthesis distinction: mechanical noise should not be added anew for every sounding reed. The wind-dependent model remains a parameterized account unless backed by an independent pressure-and-response calibration. A readable disc, a plausible control sequence and a validated acoustic mechanism are separate achievements.\",\"type\":\"p\"},{\"id\":\"propstglocke\",\"text\":\"Propstglocke: make simulation assumptions visible\",\"type\":\"heading\"},{\"text\":\"The Landshut St Martin Propstglocke case combines photographic evidence, historical context, reconstructed geometry and mechanical modeling. The thesis discusses cross-polarized photography and geometry estimation with Neuralangelo and MASt3R before geometry preparation for finite-element analysis. This historical case pipeline is distinct from the current Processor Modelgenerator, which uses a documented DA3-based photographic point-cloud workflow.\",\"type\":\"p\"},{\"text\":\"Material properties, boundary conditions and geometric completeness influence the bell’s modeled modes and transient sound. A plausible rendering therefore cannot by itself establish the model’s quantitative accuracy. Atmospheric absorption under ISO 9613-1 represents one propagation effect; it does not model an entire urban environment with building reflections and acoustic shadows. The scope of each physical model must stay attached to its output.\",\"type\":\"p\"},{\"id\":\"what-transfers\",\"text\":\"What transfers between the cases\",\"type\":\"heading\"},{\"text\":\"Across all three objects, the transferable result is a method for keeping identities, observations, transformations and executable representations connected. Each case also leaves different questions open. The organ needs a resolved historical-to-digital register mapping; the Ariston needs the detailed recognition evidence for independent replication; the bell needs material, boundary and measurement evidence for quantitative model comparison. Those are concrete next research tasks, not reasons to collapse all three cases into one fidelity score.\",\"type\":\"p\"},{\"items\":[{\"detail\":\"Versioned research object; inspect its own documentation for asset and release scope.\",\"href\":\"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22151203\",\"label\":\"Cuntz reference object\"},{\"detail\":\"How to interpret pitch, channel and outlier results.\",\"href\":\"/notebooks/fieldwork/analysis/\",\"label\":\"Recording analysis guide\"},{\"detail\":\"Separate geometric evidence, passive acoustics and spatial rendering.\",\"href\":\"/notebooks/software/reconstruction/\",\"label\":\"Geometry and acoustic reconstruction\"}],\"type\":\"links\"}],\"intro\":\"The Cuntz organ, an Ariston disc player and the Landshut Propstglocke test different parts of the research method. Their results are most useful when read with their measurement units and evidence limits.\",\"slug\":\"case-studies\",\"sources\":[{\"detail\":\"Dissertation submitted to Universität Leipzig, 11 September 2026. §8.2.2.1, pp. 264–265; §§8.4.1–8.4.3, pp. 275–278; §8.5.1, pp. 280–281; Appendix E.7. Page numbers refer to the printed manuscript pagination. The manuscript is not distributed by this website.\",\"label\":\"Dominik Ukolov · Musikinstrumente im virtuellen Raum (2026)\"},{\"detail\":\"Companion research object. Numerical analysis and limitations above are attributed to the thesis, not inferred from deposit metadata.\",\"href\":\"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22151203\",\"label\":\"Cuntz reference object\"}],\"title\":\"Three objects, three research problems\"},\"date\":\"2026-09-26\",\"edition\":\"2026-09-r5\",\"figures\":{}}", "payload": { "edition": "2026-09-r5", "date": "2026-09-26", "book": { "slug": "research", "title": "Research & questions", "number": "02" }, "chapter": { "slug": "case-studies", "title": "Three objects, three research problems", "intro": "The Cuntz organ, an Ariston disc player and the Landshut Propstglocke test different parts of the research method. Their results are most useful when read with their measurement units and evidence limits.", "blocks": [ { "type": "heading", "id": "cuntz-organ", "text": "Cuntz: connect an audio configuration to a historical instrument" }, { "type": "p", "text": "The Cuntz positive organ, attributed to Nicolaus Cuntz, Nuremberg, 1610, is held in the Leipzig musical-instrument collection as inventory 243. The thesis combines recording, parameterized geometry and modeled interaction around this object. The signal analysis describes 225 single-tone recordings arranged as five register labels across 45 keys, recorded with a Neumann KM 184 pair and an RME Babyface Pro at 192 kHz and 24 bit." }, { "type": "p", "text": "The physical description in Appendix E.7.1 instead lists four registers and 180 pipes. Section 8.2.2.1 explicitly notes the missing source-and-recording mapping needed to explain the fifth label, Regal 8′. The digital configuration therefore cannot be read as a register-faithful measurement inventory of the historical instrument. The differing counts alone demonstrate neither a rebuild nor an additional original register." }, { "type": "table", "headers": [ "Reported quantity", "Interpretation", "Limit" ], "rows": [ [ "Median pitch offset +88.01 cents relative to A4 = 440 Hz", "An equivalent reference of about 462.95 Hz, calculated as 440 × 2^(88.01/1200).", "An aggregate offset can include temperament; session temperature is unavailable. It is not a temperature-corrected confirmation of the historical 462 Hz at 15 °C." ], [ "450 channel analyses", "Two analyzed channels for each of the 225 recordings.", "These are not 450 independently recorded pipes." ], [ "Median absolute channel differences: 0.174 normalized spectral centroid; 2.985 dB/octave harmonic slope", "Differences between the parallel recording channels.", "These are not source-versus-resynthesis error measurements." ], [ "Multivariate distance D ≥ 3.5", "A flag for expert review in the documented analysis configuration.", "The flag depends on features, scaling and reference group; it does not diagnose a damaged pipe." ] ] }, { "type": "p", "text": "The interactive case adds browser and Quest 3 access, including a life-size mixed-reality presentation and hand interaction. The reported display rate and latency statements do not substitute for a complete end-to-end timing protocol. This notebook consequently treats the experience as an implemented research encounter without assigning it a verified latency benchmark or a completed usability-study result." }, { "type": "example", "id": "cuntz-measurement", "title": "What exactly does “1281” tell us?", "concept": "An observation connects a property and a result to the thing observed. A unit gives the number a physical interpretation; a source selector identifies its evidential location.", "scenario": "The published Cuntz manifest contains an observation for rank:ged:pipe:key-036 with property code GesL, value 1281, unit MilliM, and source-cell flag Holzgedackt 8!D9.", "steps": [ { "title": "Identify the subject and property", "text": "The number belongs to the specified pipe entity and the workbook’s GesL property. It is not a dimension of the complete organ or an arbitrary distance on the screen." }, { "title": "Retain value and unit together", "text": "The stored value is 1281 millimetres. Converting it gives 1.281 metres; keep that conversion separate from the original source value and unit." }, { "title": "Locate the source", "text": "The observation links to the exact workbook realization, the measurement activity and the cell selector. A later reader can check the entry and consult the workbook’s definition of GesL." } ], "takeaway": "A reusable measurement needs a subject, property, value, unit and evidence location.", "boundary": "The example reproduces a release observation; it does not independently remeasure the pipe or supply a calibration uncertainty that the record does not provide.", "sources": [ { "label": "Cuntz Positiv · VAO 0.5.0-rc.2", "href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22151203", "detail": "Published manifest: identities, measurement observations, realization digests, profiles and rights. Exact examples checked against this release." }, { "label": "VAO Standard 0.5.0", "href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22214248", "detail": "The standard contract is separate from the Cuntz dataset content version 0.5.0-rc.2." } ], "expanded": false }, { "type": "heading", "id": "ariston-discs", "text": "Ariston: read a control surface and model its mechanism" }, { "type": "p", "text": "The Ariston case relates a rotating punched disc, a crank-driven wind system and 24 free reeds. The thesis describes scans of 22 original discs within a corpus of 40 disc models. Polar correction and track recognition turn the physical layout of holes into a timed control sequence. Rotational speed is part of that interpretation: the image alone does not determine a unique musical tempo." }, { "type": "p", "text": "For 5,000 manually adjudicated holes, the thesis reports 4,840 true positives, 78 false positives and 160 false negatives. These yield precision about 0.984, recall 0.968 and F1 about 0.976. They evaluate hole recognition, not the fidelity of the complete virtual musical performance. The thesis does not provide the item-level annotation and run manifest accompanying those totals, which limits independent reproduction and uncertainty analysis." }, { "type": "p", "text": "The 24 reeds were recorded at 192 kHz and 24 bit using the original crank and wind system. Separate recordings of the idle mechanism support a useful synthesis distinction: mechanical noise should not be added anew for every sounding reed. The wind-dependent model remains a parameterized account unless backed by an independent pressure-and-response calibration. A readable disc, a plausible control sequence and a validated acoustic mechanism are separate achievements." }, { "type": "heading", "id": "propstglocke", "text": "Propstglocke: make simulation assumptions visible" }, { "type": "p", "text": "The Landshut St Martin Propstglocke case combines photographic evidence, historical context, reconstructed geometry and mechanical modeling. The thesis discusses cross-polarized photography and geometry estimation with Neuralangelo and MASt3R before geometry preparation for finite-element analysis. This historical case pipeline is distinct from the current Processor Modelgenerator, which uses a documented DA3-based photographic point-cloud workflow." }, { "type": "p", "text": "Material properties, boundary conditions and geometric completeness influence the bell’s modeled modes and transient sound. A plausible rendering therefore cannot by itself establish the model’s quantitative accuracy. Atmospheric absorption under ISO 9613-1 represents one propagation effect; it does not model an entire urban environment with building reflections and acoustic shadows. The scope of each physical model must stay attached to its output." }, { "type": "heading", "id": "what-transfers", "text": "What transfers between the cases" }, { "type": "p", "text": "Across all three objects, the transferable result is a method for keeping identities, observations, transformations and executable representations connected. Each case also leaves different questions open. The organ needs a resolved historical-to-digital register mapping; the Ariston needs the detailed recognition evidence for independent replication; the bell needs material, boundary and measurement evidence for quantitative model comparison. Those are concrete next research tasks, not reasons to collapse all three cases into one fidelity score." }, { "type": "links", "items": [ { "label": "Cuntz reference object", "href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22151203", "detail": "Versioned research object; inspect its own documentation for asset and release scope." }, { "label": "Recording analysis guide", "href": "/notebooks/fieldwork/analysis/", "detail": "How to interpret pitch, channel and outlier results." }, { "label": "Geometry and acoustic reconstruction", "href": "/notebooks/software/reconstruction/", "detail": "Separate geometric evidence, passive acoustics and spatial rendering." } ] } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Dominik Ukolov · Musikinstrumente im virtuellen Raum (2026)", "detail": "Dissertation submitted to Universität Leipzig, 11 September 2026. §8.2.2.1, pp. 264–265; §§8.4.1–8.4.3, pp. 275–278; §8.5.1, pp. 280–281; Appendix E.7. Page numbers refer to the printed manuscript pagination. The manuscript is not distributed by this website." }, { "label": "Cuntz reference object", "href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22151203", "detail": "Companion research object. Numerical analysis and limitations above are attributed to the thesis, not inferred from deposit metadata." } ] }, "figures": {} } }