{
  "title": "A glossary for connected research — Research & questions",
  "text": "MODAVIS (2026). A glossary for connected research — Research & questions. Research notebooks, September 2026 · Cuntz worked examples edition. https://modavis.org/editions/2026-09-r5/research/glossary/",
  "bibtex": "@misc{modavis_research_glossary_2026_09_r5,\n  author = {{MODAVIS}},\n  title = {A glossary for connected research — Research & questions},\n  year = {2026},\n  month = {09},\n  version = {2026-09-r5},\n  url = {https://modavis.org/editions/2026-09-r5/research/glossary/},\n  note = {Content SHA-256: ae498daf7810791f9341f0f723c09641a00650606615043e36357deec46f1dbf}\n}",
  "url": "https://modavis.org/editions/2026-09-r5/research/glossary/",
  "sha256": "ae498daf7810791f9341f0f723c09641a00650606615043e36357deec46f1dbf",
  "edition": "2026-09-r5",
  "date": "2026-09-26",
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  "payload": {
    "edition": "2026-09-r5",
    "date": "2026-09-26",
    "book": {
      "slug": "research",
      "title": "Research & questions",
      "number": "02"
    },
    "chapter": {
      "slug": "glossary",
      "title": "A glossary for connected research",
      "intro": "The distinctions that make a source, a sounding object and a digital experience easier to understand.",
      "blocks": [
        {
          "type": "p",
          "text": "This glossary explains how recurring terms are used in the notebooks. It is a reading aid; the versioned specifications remain authoritative for formal definitions and conformance requirements."
        },
        {
          "type": "heading",
          "text": "Objects and representations",
          "id": "objects"
        },
        {
          "type": "terms",
          "items": [
            {
              "term": "Organology",
              "definition": "The study of musical instruments, including their construction, histories, use and relationships. MODAVIS brings documentary, material and digital evidence into that inquiry.",
              "example": {
                "label": "Work through the Cuntz example",
                "href": "/notebooks/ontologies/cuntz/#cuntz-identity",
                "detail": ""
              }
            },
            {
              "term": "Instrument state",
              "definition": "A historically scoped condition or arrangement of an instrument. A statement about one state should not automatically describe the instrument at every date.",
              "example": {
                "label": "Work through the Cuntz example",
                "href": "/notebooks/ontologies/cuntz/#cuntz-state",
                "detail": ""
              }
            },
            {
              "term": "Configuration",
              "definition": "An identified arrangement of components and their relationships. Rebuilding or reassigning parts can change a configuration while the instrument’s broader identity persists.",
              "example": {
                "label": "Work through the Cuntz example",
                "href": "/notebooks/ontologies/cuntz/#cuntz-state",
                "detail": ""
              }
            },
            {
              "term": "Digital surrogate",
              "definition": "A representation of a subject, such as a photograph or model. The representation and the thing represented remain different entities.",
              "example": {
                "label": "Work through the Cuntz example",
                "href": "/notebooks/ontologies/cuntz/#cuntz-identity",
                "detail": ""
              }
            },
            {
              "term": "Virtual instrument",
              "definition": "A playable digital representation whose behaviour depends on particular resources, mappings and software. It is not identical to the physical instrument it may represent.",
              "example": {
                "label": "Work through the Cuntz example",
                "href": "/notebooks/ontologies/cuntz/#cuntz-identity",
                "detail": ""
              }
            },
            {
              "term": "Auralization",
              "definition": "Making an acoustic situation audible through a defined rendering or modelling process. The listening result depends on source, propagation and receiver assumptions.",
              "example": {
                "label": "Work through the Cuntz example",
                "href": "/notebooks/vao/acoustics/#cuntz-auralization",
                "detail": ""
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "type": "heading",
          "text": "Sources and interpretation",
          "id": "knowledge"
        },
        {
          "type": "terms",
          "items": [
            {
              "term": "Source account",
              "definition": "An attributed description associated with a particular source. Several accounts can describe one instrument without being identical or independent.",
              "example": {
                "label": "Work through the Cuntz example",
                "href": "/notebooks/ontologies/cuntz/#cuntz-measurement",
                "detail": ""
              }
            },
            {
              "term": "Assertion",
              "definition": "A statement that can be identified, attributed, qualified and reviewed. Its presence in a source or dataset does not by itself establish truth.",
              "example": {
                "label": "Work through the Cuntz example",
                "href": "/notebooks/ontologies/cuntz/#cuntz-assertions",
                "detail": ""
              }
            },
            {
              "term": "Evidence",
              "definition": "Material offered as grounds for a claim. Its relevance depends on the claim, context, transmission and interpretation.",
              "example": {
                "label": "Work through the Cuntz example",
                "href": "/notebooks/ontologies/cuntz/#cuntz-measurement",
                "detail": ""
              }
            },
            {
              "term": "Provenance",
              "definition": "The documented origin and processing or editorial history of a resource or statement. It explains how a result came about.",
              "example": {
                "label": "Work through the Cuntz example",
                "href": "/notebooks/ontologies/cuntz/#cuntz-provenance",
                "detail": ""
              }
            },
            {
              "term": "Context",
              "definition": "The circumstances within which a statement applies, such as a historical configuration. Context is distinct from the history of how the statement was recorded.",
              "example": {
                "label": "Work through the Cuntz example",
                "href": "/notebooks/ontologies/cuntz/#cuntz-time",
                "detail": ""
              }
            },
            {
              "term": "Abstention",
              "definition": "Leaving a proposed interpretation or link unresolved when available evidence is insufficient. It preserves a research question instead of forcing a false precision.",
              "example": {
                "label": "Work through the Cuntz example",
                "href": "/notebooks/ontologies/cuntz/#cuntz-abstention",
                "detail": ""
              }
            },
            {
              "term": "Canonical projection",
              "definition": "An accepted, governed research view derived from evidence and decisions. It can support convenient use while retaining a route to the richer underlying account.",
              "example": {
                "label": "Work through the Cuntz example",
                "href": "/notebooks/ontologies/cuntz/#cuntz-assertions",
                "detail": ""
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "type": "heading",
          "text": "Packages and preservation",
          "id": "packages"
        },
        {
          "type": "terms",
          "items": [
            {
              "term": "Semantic release",
              "definition": "A fixed VAO manifest and the exact realizations it identifies. Different carriers can transport selections from the same release.",
              "example": {
                "label": "Work through the Cuntz example",
                "href": "/notebooks/standards/cuntz/#cuntz-citation",
                "detail": ""
              }
            },
            {
              "term": "Logical asset",
              "definition": "An intellectual or functional resource, such as a take, a mesh or a score. Its role is distinguished from the particular bytes used to represent it.",
              "example": {
                "label": "Work through the Cuntz example",
                "href": "/notebooks/standards/cuntz/#cuntz-asset",
                "detail": ""
              }
            },
            {
              "term": "Realization",
              "definition": "One exact byte sequence representing an asset. Different encodings or derivatives have different exact identities.",
              "example": {
                "label": "Work through the Cuntz example",
                "href": "/notebooks/standards/cuntz/#cuntz-asset",
                "detail": ""
              }
            },
            {
              "term": "Carrier",
              "definition": "A package or workspace that contains a manifest, carrier mapping and selected realizations. Bootstrap, preservation-closure and custom carriers serve different delivery purposes.",
              "example": {
                "label": "Work through the Cuntz example",
                "href": "/notebooks/standards/cuntz/#cuntz-carriers",
                "detail": ""
              }
            },
            {
              "term": "Fixity",
              "definition": "The ability to check that content matches a recorded identity, commonly through a cryptographic digest. It establishes sameness relative to that reference, not scientific truth.",
              "example": {
                "label": "Work through the Cuntz example",
                "href": "/notebooks/standards/cuntz/#cuntz-fixity",
                "detail": ""
              }
            },
            {
              "term": "Profile",
              "definition": "A versioned set of additional requirements. A client must satisfy the declared capabilities before claiming full support for that profile.",
              "example": {
                "label": "Work through the Cuntz example",
                "href": "/notebooks/standards/cuntz/#cuntz-profiles",
                "detail": ""
              }
            },
            {
              "term": "Version DOI",
              "definition": "A persistent identifier for a particular deposited release. A broader project or concept identifier may instead lead to a family of releases.",
              "example": {
                "label": "Work through the Cuntz example",
                "href": "/notebooks/standards/cuntz/#cuntz-citation",
                "detail": ""
              }
            },
            {
              "term": "Reproducibility",
              "definition": "A claim that a specified procedure can be repeated with a stated kind of agreement. Byte equality, numerical tolerance and historical interpretation require different evidence.",
              "example": {
                "label": "Work through the Cuntz example",
                "href": "/notebooks/ontologies/cuntz/#cuntz-provenance",
                "detail": ""
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "type": "links",
          "items": [
            {
              "label": "Put the distinctions to work",
              "href": "/notebooks/research/method/"
            },
            {
              "label": "Inside a VAO carrier",
              "href": "/notebooks/vao/structure/"
            },
            {
              "label": "Read the evidence model",
              "href": "/notebooks/ontologies/evidence/"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "type": "heading",
          "id": "graph-languages",
          "text": "The graph languages, in ordinary language"
        },
        {
          "type": "terms",
          "items": [
            {
              "term": "RDF",
              "definition": "A graph data model: statements connect a subject to an object through an identified relationship. For Cuntz, an observation can point to the pipe it describes and the evidence it uses.",
              "example": {
                "label": "Follow a Cuntz observation through the graph",
                "href": "/notebooks/ontologies/cuntz/#cuntz-graph",
                "detail": ""
              }
            },
            {
              "term": "IRI",
              "definition": "An internationalized resource identifier. It identifies a thing or term across records independently of its display label. The Cuntz instrument, pipe observation and source realization need distinct identifiers.",
              "example": {
                "label": "Read an identifier without guessing its meaning",
                "href": "/notebooks/ontologies/cuntz/#cuntz-identifiers",
                "detail": ""
              }
            },
            {
              "term": "OWL",
              "definition": "A language for expressing ontology meanings and logical relationships between classes. It helps state why a physical organ and a digital package representing it are distinct kinds of thing.",
              "example": {
                "label": "Compare ontology meaning and validation",
                "href": "/notebooks/ontologies/cuntz/#cuntz-owl-shacl",
                "detail": ""
              }
            },
            {
              "term": "SHACL",
              "definition": "A language for checking an RDF data graph against declared shapes and constraints. It can find a modeling error; it does not independently settle a disputed historical register count.",
              "example": {
                "label": "Work through a hypothetical Cuntz modeling error",
                "href": "/notebooks/ontologies/cuntz/#cuntz-owl-shacl",
                "detail": ""
              }
            },
            {
              "term": "JSON-LD context",
              "definition": "An explicit mapping that connects JSON terms to linked-data identifiers and meanings. Its version matters when interpreting a preserved VAO record.",
              "example": {
                "label": "Read the actual Cuntz observation excerpt",
                "href": "/notebooks/standards/cuntz/#cuntz-jsonld",
                "detail": ""
              }
            },
            {
              "term": "SKOS",
              "definition": "A model for controlled concepts, labels and their relationships. A vocabulary concept such as an instrument type remains distinct from a particular museum object.",
              "example": {
                "label": "Separate a Cuntz label from a type concept",
                "href": "/notebooks/ontologies/cuntz/#cuntz-vocabulary",
                "detail": ""
              }
            },
            {
              "term": "Dependency closure",
              "definition": "The complete set of prerequisites for a selected task, obtained by following every required dependency. It can be smaller than the whole preservation package.",
              "example": {
                "label": "Follow a model and its dependencies",
                "href": "/notebooks/standards/cuntz/#cuntz-closure",
                "detail": ""
              }
            },
            {
              "term": "Observation",
              "definition": "A record connecting a property and result to the thing observed, with a method and source context. A number alone leaves those relationships unspecified.",
              "example": {
                "label": "Explain the 1281 mm Cuntz observation",
                "href": "/notebooks/ontologies/cuntz/#cuntz-measurement",
                "detail": ""
              }
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "VAO Standard 0.5.0",
          "href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22214248"
        },
        {
          "label": "MODAVIS Ontology Network 0.1.0",
          "href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22126086"
        },
        {
          "label": "Dominik Ukolov · Musikinstrumente im virtuellen Raum (2026)",
          "detail": "Dissertation submitted to Universität Leipzig, 11 September 2026. Chapters 1–6 and 8; Appendix I.4 for the software and resource inventory. See the dedicated research guides for claim-specific section references. Page numbers refer to the printed manuscript pagination. The manuscript is not distributed by this website."
        }
      ]
    },
    "figures": {}
  }
}