Read an audio analysis in its context
OrgRec can connect signal inspection to a recording project or analyze a standalone file. The result becomes useful research evidence when the excerpt, channel, method and instrument context remain identifiable.
Start from a project or a single file
A recording project keeps the capture plan, equipment, microphone geometry and instrument organization together. OrgRec 0.3.2 also provides Analyze Audio for a standalone file, without requiring a project catalogue or microphone setup first. This is useful for inspecting a received recording or testing an excerpt before committing to a larger capture workflow. An unknown instrument or recording context should remain unknown rather than being filled with plausible defaults.
For a long recording, choose an excerpt appropriate to the question. An attack, sustained region and release describe different behavior. Inspect the waveform for boundaries and interruptions, use the spectrogram to examine changes over time, and compare pitch and partial information within a clearly identified channel. A stable sustained region may be suitable for a pitch estimate while excluding the onset behavior relevant to articulation.
Pitch needs a reference and a scope
A frequency estimate and a musical pitch label answer different questions. The frequency describes the analyzed signal under the selected method and region; the label interprets it against a reference, temperament and note identity. Noise, missing fundamentals, unstable attacks and ambiguous octave estimates can affect that interpretation. OrgRec’s provisional treatment of unknown pitch should be carried into a research note until the identification is reviewed.
cents = 1200 × log2(measured_frequency / reference_frequency)
A +88.01-cent offset relative to 440 Hz corresponds to:
440 × 2^(88.01 / 1200) ≈ 462.95 HzThis calculation translates a stated offset; it does not establish why the offset exists. In the Cuntz analysis, the thesis reports a median over multiple tones. That aggregate can include temperament, and missing session temperature prevents a temperature-corrected comparison with the historical reference. It should not be presented as a direct measurement of one reference pipe under documented thermal conditions.
Why does a precise pitch number still need qualifications?
Uncertainty concerns the limits of what a result supports. A reference value and a mathematical conversion do not remove missing acquisition information.
Work through the example 3 STEPS
The thesis reports a median Cuntz pitch offset of +88.01 cents relative to A4 = 440 Hz. A cent is one hundredth of an equal-tempered semitone.
Make the calculation explicit
Convert the offset using 440 × 2^(88.01/1200), giving approximately 462.95 Hz. This is the equivalent reference implied by the reported aggregate.
Identify the statistic
The median combines estimates across tones. It can include temperament effects and is not a direct measurement of one reference pipe.
Keep the missing condition visible
The historical comparison cites 462 Hz at 15 °C, while the session temperature needed for a corrected comparison is missing. Numerical proximity does not fill that evidential gap.
- Dominik Ukolov · Musikinstrumente im virtuellen Raum (2026)
Submitted dissertation, 11 September 2026; §§8.2.2.1 and 8.4.1, printed pp. 264–265 and 275–276. The historical description and digital inventory require a resolved mapping; the manuscript is not redistributed here.
No temperature-corrected confirmation or new acoustic measurement is claimed.
The useful distinction. Report the result, the reference and the limitation together.
Count observations at the correct level
Two channels from one take are two signal observations of a shared event. Differences between them can reflect position, room response and the recording chain. They are not automatically independent repetitions of the instrument measurement. Similarly, a difference between left and right spectral features is not a source-versus-resynthesis error unless the experimental design actually compares those two entities.
The thesis uses a multivariate, median-centered and MAD-scaled distance to flag review candidates. Its threshold belongs to a particular feature set and reference group. A flag suggests that a recording deserves inspection; it does not establish a defective pipe. Listen to the identified region, examine its acquisition conditions, compare neighboring recordings and retain the reviewer’s interpretation separately from the machine-generated indicator.
Why is a statistical outlier not a damaged pipe?
An outlier is unusual relative to a stated reference group and measurement rule. A median is the middle value; a median absolute deviation (MAD) describes a typical absolute distance from that middle.
Work through the example 3 STEPS
The thesis’s Cuntz analysis uses median-centered, MAD-scaled features to select review candidates. The following small calculation only explains the scaling idea.
Define the reference
Suppose an illustrative feature has median 10 and raw MAD 2. A value of 18 lies four raw-MAD units above the median: (18 − 10) / 2 = 4.
Keep the method specific
The actual analysis combines multiple features and its own documented scaling and distance rule. The teaching calculation is not a replacement for that parameterized method or its review threshold.
Inspect why the recording differs
A candidate could reflect capture position, noise, a note assignment, performance conditions or an instrument difference. Review the recording and context before assigning a cause.
- Dominik Ukolov · Musikinstrumente im virtuellen Raum (2026)
Submitted dissertation, 11 September 2026; §§8.2.2.1 and 8.4.1, printed pp. 264–265 and 275–276. The historical description and digital inventory require a resolved mapping; the manuscript is not redistributed here.
The values 10, 2 and 18 are illustrative. No new pipe diagnosis or calibrated detection probability is claimed.
The useful distinction. A flag prioritizes inspection; it does not identify the physical cause of an unusual signal.
Keep original capture and analysis products distinct
- Retain the original take and identify the analyzed excerpt by stable boundaries. Preserve the relationship between sample position and time.
- Record the selected channel, analysis method, parameters and tool version with each exported result.
- Treat segmentation, loop selection, level changes and other edits as derived products. Preserve the input that made a later revision possible.
- Review sustained-loop boundaries by listening as well as inspecting them. A smooth loop is a playback decision, not proof that the original sound was stationary.
- Keep analyst comments, uncertain note assignments and excluded material with the result rather than presenting only the accepted values.
OrgRec 0.3.2 supports analysis exports including PDF, JSON, CSV, PNG and SVG, plus complete export folders with excerpt and provenance checksums. Choose a form suited to reuse: a figure communicates a view; tabular or structured output supports further analysis; the identified audio excerpt lets another researcher inspect the signal. A checksum makes the exported evidence identifiable, while the recording context explains what that evidence means.
How did the model on this page come into being?
Provenance is a trace of inputs, transformations, outputs and responsible agents. PROV-O provides a vocabulary for describing those roles.
Work through the example 3 STEPS
The published Cuntz release identifies an FBX source model and a derived GLB runtime model. This notebook displays a further web derivative of that released GLB.
Fix the input
Before preparing the web model, compare its source bytes and SHA-256 with the exact published runtime realization. A similar filename is insufficient.
Describe the transformation
For this website, the texture is resized to at most 2048 pixels and encoded as JPEG. Duplicate and unused resources are removed, and meshopt compression applies quantization. These changes are documented with the derivative.
Give the output its own identity
The web file has its own byte size and digest. It remains linked to the source release and source realization, while being described as a display derivative rather than the unmodified archived GLB.
- Cuntz Positiv · VAO 0.5.0-rc.2 ↗
Published manifest: identities, measurement observations, realization digests, profiles and rights. Exact examples checked against this release.
- VAO Standard 0.5.0 ↗
The standard contract is separate from the Cuntz dataset content version 0.5.0-rc.2.
Compression and a rendered appearance do not establish geometric measurement accuracy or recover the object’s original appearance.
The useful distinction. A derivative can be useful and traceable without being byte-identical to its source.
Sources & further reading
- OrgRec 0.3.2
Versioned release description: standalone audio analysis, recording projects and analysis exports. Software functionality is distinct from the thesis evaluation.
- Dominik Ukolov · Musikinstrumente im virtuellen Raum (2026)
Dissertation submitted to Universität Leipzig, 11 September 2026. §8.2.2.1, pp. 264–265; §8.5.2, pp. 281–282, distinguishes prepared apparatus calibration from completed measurement. Page numbers refer to the printed manuscript pagination. The manuscript is not distributed by this website.
Page editions 2026-09-r5 ↓
Read a fixed snapshot of this chapter, or return to the current notebook.
e4433ca9dc99Page metadata ↗